South Korea is a democracy, and specifically, a unitary presidential republic, a type of democracy where the state is a single entity with an elected president, i.e., there is no state. South Korea's birth rate was the world's lowest in 2009,[168] at an annual rate of approximately 9 births per 1000 people. South Korea's citizens enjoy one of the world's fastest Internet connection speeds and the densest high-speed railway network. [122], In March 2022, Yoon Suk-yeol, the candidate of conservative opposition People Power Party, won a close election over Democratic Party candidate by the narrowest margin ever. [279], South Korea's mixed economy[281][282][283] ranks 10th nominal[284] and 13th purchasing power parity GDP in the world, identifying it as one of the G-20 major economies. Since June, 2021 the United States has shared 1,412,800 safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine doses with the people of South Korea - free of cost. [347] The launch of Naro-1 in August 2009 resulted in a failure. Its massive investment in education has taken the country from mass illiteracy to a major international technological powerhouse. The Deep State and The Unitary Executive by . Rainfall is concentrated in the summer months of June through September. [240], China has become South Korea's largest trading partner by far, sending 26% of South Korean exports in 2016 worth $124 billion, as well as an additional $32 billion worth of exports to Hong Kong. President Biden committed the United States to be the worlds arsenal for vaccines, leading an international and coordinated vaccination effort, and announced that the United States will provide 1.2 billion doses of safe, effective vaccines free of cost to meet global needs and save lives now. The Liancourt Rocks were the first Korean territories to be forcibly colonized by Japan in 1905. The new official name has its origin in the ancient kingdom of Gojoseon (2333 BCE). Elections take place every five years to elect the President and the members of the national assembly. About three thousand islands, mostly small and uninhabited, lie off the western and southern coasts of South Korea. There are many significant regional dishes that have proliferated in different variations across the country in the present day. [222] It also had the OECD's second largest number of hospital beds per 1000 people at 9.56 beds. [262] In 1967, South Korea obliged the mutual defense treaty, by sending a large combat troop contingent to support the United States in the Vietnam War. The succeeding Korean Empire (18971910) was annexed in 1910 into the Empire of Japan. [131] South Korea had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 6.02/10, ranking it 87th globally out of 172 countries. ", "Korea, Russia Enter Full-Fledged Space Partnership", South Korea Confirms Contact With Satellite Lost, "Scientist Yi So Yeon becomes first Korean astronaut", "S. Korea Completes Work on Naro Space Center", "S. Korean satellite lost shortly after launch", "Global Insider: South Korea's Space Program", "South Korea's first rocket ready at last", "S. Korea DAPA commissioner confirms 500 km-range ballistic missile development research", Special Report: [Business Opportunities] R&D, Android Has Human-Like Skin and Expressions, "Female Android Debuts in S. Korea, National Geographic, May 15, 2006", South Korean Robot English Teachers Are Go, "Bio International Convention Korea Country Profile", "Discovery Channel:: News Animals:: Endangered Wolf Cloned in South Korea", "With $900M IPO, SK Bioscience has big plans for manufacturing expansioneven beyond COVID-19 vaccines", "South Koreans drink twice as much liquor as Russians and more than four times as much as Americans", "Exhibit Focuses on Traditional Architecture", "UNESCO World Heritage: Republic of Korea", Brief Review of Korea Modern Architecture, "Still, slow waters of Korean architecture", "How The South Korean Government Made K-Pop A Thing", "S.Korea's Screen Quota Hinders Market Access", "Squid Game: the hellish horrorshow taking the whole world by storm", "Netflix calls Squid Game its 'biggest ever series at launch', "S. Korean Game Developer NCsoft Interested in Pro Baseball", "Professional baseball rising in popularity", "Japan beats South Korea to be Baseball Champions", "South Korea takes Olympics baseball gold", "Dextro Energy International Triathlon Union World championship Series Seoul", "New Jersey, Mexico, and Korea dropped from 2014 F1 calendar", Key Development Forecasts for South Korea, United States Army Military Government in Korea, List of World Heritage Sites in South Korea, Politics of North Korea#Political parties and elections, North Korea and weapons of mass destruction, South Korea and weapons of mass destruction, International adoption of South Korean children, ChinaJapanSouth Korea trilateral summit, Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia, ChinaJapanKorea Friendship Athletic Meeting, Association of East Asian Research Universities, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&oldid=1134388094, Korean-speaking countries and territories, States and territories established in 1948, Articles with Korean-language sources (ko), Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the World Factbook, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with dead external links from February 2009, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, Articles with obsolete information from March 2012, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2023, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 12:36. A unitary state only exercises the powers that the central government decides to delegate. South Korea tends to have a humid continental climate and a humid subtropical climate, and is affected by the East Asian monsoon, with precipitation heavier in summer during a short rainy season called jangma (), which begins end of June through the end of July. South Korea still uses some Chinese Hanja characters in limited areas, such as print media and legal documentation. There were two Korean Lt. Updated on February 02, 2022 A unitary state, or unitary government, is a governing system in which a single central government has total power over all of its other political subdivisions. Oliver, Christian. However, in 1392, General Yi Seong-gye, who had been ordered to attack China, turned his army around and staged a coup. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. This allowed the UN to intervene in a civil war when it became apparent that the superior North Korean forces would unify the entire country. Since the government only controlled the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, the informal term "South Korea" was coined, becoming increasingly common in the Western world. An official website of the United States Government, History of U.S. Relations With South Korea, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative Country Page, Office of the U.S. The average annual precipitation varies from 1,370 millimeters (54in) in Seoul to 1,470 millimeters (58in) in Busan. )", "US Soldiers in Korea Negative About Rotation to Middle East", "Foreign Teachers Unenthusiastic Over Culture Course", "Childbirths in S. Korea grow 5.7 pct in 2010", "South Korea's fertility rate is the lowest in the world", "S. Korea's childbirth tally drops to another historic low in October", "Fertility rate dips below 1 in 2018: official", Life expectancy at birth, total (years) |Data |Table, "South Korea Now Open For Foreign Students", "What the world can learn from the latest PISA test results", "South Korea: Kids, Stop Studying So Hard! South Korea, Officially Known As Federal Republic Of Korea (Hangul: [Romaja: Daehan Yeonbang Gonghwaguk]) (Spanish: Repblica Federal de Corea) Is A Sovereign State In East Asia, constituing the Southern Part Of Korean Peninsula. Other well-known dishes are Bulgogi (), grilled marinated beef; Gimbap (); and Tteokbokki (), a spicy snack consisting of rice cake seasoned with gochujang or a spicy chili paste. [260] South Korea is the EU's tenth largest trade partner, and the EU has become South Korea's fourth largest export destination. The two nations have strong economic, diplomatic, and military ties, although they have at times disagreed with regard to policies towards North Korea, and with regard to some of South Korea's industrial activities that involve usage of rocket or nuclear technology. Jeju-do is about 100 kilometers (62 miles) off the southern coast of South Korea. Thus,its force was diminished andit only served as a trade center until it was conquered by Goguryeo in 313. [185], Higher education is a serious issue in South Korean society, where it is viewed as one of the fundamental cornerstones of South Korean life. Although South Korea experienced a series of military dictatorships from the 1960s until the 1980s, it has since developed into a successful liberal democracy. South Korea,[b] officially the Republic of Korea (ROK),[c] is a country in East Asia. President Lee Myung-bak declared in May 2010 that Seoul would cut all trade with North Korea as part of measures primarily aimed at striking back at North Korea diplomatically and financially, except for the joint Kaesong Industrial Project and humanitarian aid. In October, the Soviet Union declared Kim Il-sung's government as sovereign over both parts. South Korean hospitals have advanced medical equipment and facilities readily available, ranking 4th for MRI units per capita and 6th for CT scanners per capita in the OECD. The martial art taekwondo originated in Korea. The Seoul National Capital Area has 24.5 million inhabitants (about half of South Korea's entire population) making it the world's second largest metropolitan area. [28][27] Conversely, the official name of North Korea in English, the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea", is a direct translation of the Korean name. [177] In 2015, National Statistical Office estimated that the population of the country will have reached its peak by 2035. Exercise normal precautions in South Korea. Almost all South Korean students today learn English throughout their education, with some optionally choosing Japanese or Mandarin as well. [93], Towards the end of World War II, the U.S. proposed dividing the Korean peninsula into two occupation zones (a U.S. and Soviet one). South Korea. The winners were announced on 29 September 2013 and shared a total prize pool of 80 million won (US$74,000). Historically, while the culture of Korea has been heavily influenced by that of neighboring China, it has nevertheless managed to develop a unique cultural identity that is distinct from its larger neighbor. The country is the world's ninth-largest exporter and ninth-largest importer. Among Christian denominations, Presbyterianism is the largest. At the 2010 Winter Olympics, South Korea ranked fifth in the overall medal rankings. Establishing a harmony between man and nature was also a favorite of this time. [citation needed] To further complicate and intensify strains between the two nations, the sinking of the South Korean warship Cheonan in March 2010 was affirmed by the South Korean government[232] to have been caused by a North Korean torpedo, which the North denies. [293], Furthermore, South Korea was one of the few developed countries that were able to avoid a recession during the global financial crisis. [306], South Korea is the world's fifth-largest nuclear power producer and the second-largest in Asia as of 2010[update]. South Korea occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula, which extends some 1,100km (680mi) from the Asian mainland. Despite lacking natural resources, the nation rapidly developed to become one of the Four Asian Tigers based on international trade and economic globalization, integrating itself within the world economy with export-oriented industrialization; currently being one of the largest exporting nations in the world, along with having one of the largest foreign-exchange reserves in the world. Voluntarily insured persons are not subjected to mandatory coverage but can choose to be. [182][183][184] This obsession with education has catapulted the resource-poor nation consistently atop the global education rankings. South Korea is a constitutional democracy. [266], The South Korean military consists of the Army (ROKA), the Navy (ROKN), the Air Force (ROKAF), and the Marine Corps (ROKMC), and reserve forces. [316] The US has recently been wary of South Korea's burgeoning nuclear program, which South Korea insists will be for civilian use only. [357][358], Plans of creating English-teaching robot assistants to compensate for the shortage of teachers were announced in February 2010, with the robots being deployed to most preschools and kindergartens by 2013. [219], Suicide in South Korea is the 10th highest in the world according to the World Health Organization, as well as the highest suicide rate in the OECD.[220][221]. A unitary state is a state whose three organs of state are ruled constitutionally as one unit, with central legislature.It differs from a federal state, in which the authority is divided between the head (for example the central government of a country) and the political units governed by it (for example the municipalities or provinces of the country), and also granting some degree of autonomy . [245], South Korea and Russia are participants in the Six-party talks on the North Korea's nuclear proliferation issue. [233] North Korea initially threatened to sever all ties, to completely abrogate the previous pact of non-aggression, and to expel all South Koreans from a joint industrial zone in Kaesong, but backtracked on its threats and decided to continue its ties with South Korea. ", "Can South Korean Startups (and the government) Save its Flailing Giant Tech Conglomerates? All South Korean males are constitutionally required to serve in the military, typically 18 months. The government developed the nationwide expressway system, the Seoul subway system, and laid the foundation for economic development during his 17-year tenure, which ended with his assassination in 1979. Kings Yeongjo and Jeongjo particularly led a new renaissance of the Joseon dynasty during the 18th century. The first direct election was also held in 1948. South Korea is a unitary government system because most of the power is in the hands of the central . South Korea has a presidential system governed by a directly-elected president and a unicameral legislature, the National Assembly, in which various political parties Cabinet members are accountable only to the president. The Seoul Olympic Museum is dedicated to the 1988 Summer Olympics. While South Koreans use Han (or Hanguk) to refer to both Koreas collectively, North Koreans and ethnic Koreans living in China and Japan use the term Joseon instead. Wary of South Korea's Plan to Reuse Nuclear Fuel", "S. Korean Pyroprocessing Awaits U.S. Decision", "South Korea Sets Its Sights on Foreign Tourists", "Hallyu fuels foreign investment in Korea", "South Korea and Japan's Pension System Compared", "The Korean Pension System: Current State and Tasks Ahead", "Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2010 South Korea", "The National Pension Act: Republic of Korea", "Terrestrial-DMB adds color to Korean lifestyle", "Five countries on the frontline of tech", "These are the 10 smartest countries in the world when it comes to science", "These Are the World's Most Innovative Countries", "Global Innovation Index 2022, 15th Edition", "Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation? Combined, South Korean airlines serve 297 international routes. Since the 21st century, South Korea has been renowned for its globally influential pop culture, particularly in music (K-pop), TV dramas (K-dramas) and cinema, a phenomenon referred to as the Korean wave. [299] Express bus terminals are available in most cities. [120] In April 2018, former president Park Geun-hye was sentenced to 24 years in jail, because of abuse of power and corruption. [194] A strong investment in education, a militant drive for success, as well as the passion for excellence has helped the resource-poor country rapidly grow its economy over the past 60 years from a war-torn wasteland to a prosperous first-world country. [369] Korean pottery and porcelain, such as Joseon's baekja and buncheong, and Goryeo's celadon are well known throughout the world. Is South Africa a sovereign state? [323] The current pension system is divided into four categories distributing benefits to participants through national, military personnel, governmental, and private school teacher pension schemes. [334] From 2014 to 2019, the country ranked first among the most innovative countries in the Bloomberg Innovation Index. [348] The second attempt in June 2010 was also unsuccessful. He won against the backdrop of the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, where he took IMF advice to restructure the economy and the nation soon recovered its economic growth, albeit at a slower pace. [111] Meanwhile, South Korea and Japan jointly co-hosted the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Precise numbers are difficult since statistics do not record ethnicity and given many immigrants are ethnically Korean themselves, and some South Korean citizens are not ethnically Korean.[162]. [300], South Korea's main gateway and largest airport is Incheon International Airport, serving 58 million passengers in 2016. After Goryeo was replaced by Joseon in 1392, Joseon became the official name for the entire territory, though it was not universally accepted. [248], Korea and Japan have had difficult relations since ancient times, but also significant cultural exchange, with Korea acting as the gateway between Asia and Japan. Political figures such as Kim Koo worked to reconcile the two governments even after the Korean War. [407], In October 2010, South Korea hosted its first Formula One race at the Korea International Circuit in Yeongam, about 400 kilometers (250mi) south of Seoul. The name Daehan (Great Han) derives from Samhan (Three Han), referring to the Three Kingdoms of Korea, not the ancient confederacies in the southern Korean Peninsula. The South Korean pension system was created to provide benefits to persons reaching old age, families and persons stricken with death of their primary breadwinner, and for the purposes of stabilizing its nation's welfare state. [90] Through a series of successful battles of attrition, the Japanese forces were eventually forced to withdraw, and relations between all parties became normalized. Fee: The reciprocity fee, also known as the visa issuance fee, you must pay. [296], South Korea became a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1996.[297]. [277] The vast majority of these are young men from the Jehovah's Witnesses Christian denomination. South Korea's efforts to build an indigenous space launch vehicle have been marred due to persistent political pressure from the United States, who had for many decades hindered South Korea's indigenous rocket and missile development programs[352] in fear of their possible connection to clandestine military ballistic missile programs, which Korea many times insisted did not violate the research and development guidelines stipulated by US-Korea agreements on restriction of South Korean rocket technology research and development. The free trade agreement was approved in September 2010, and took effect on 1 July 2011. [227], Despite the Sunshine Policy and efforts at reconciliation, the progress was complicated by North Korean missile tests in 1993, 1998, 2006, 2009, and 2013. Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes, banchan (), which accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice. In November 2009, South Korea joined the OECD Development Assistance Committee, marking the first time a former aid recipient country joined the group as a donor member. [126] South Korea is home to three terrestrial ecoregions: Central Korean deciduous forests, Manchurian mixed forests, and Southern Korea evergreen forests.[127]. The Hyundai Research Institute reported that the Korean Wave has a direct impact in encouraging direct foreign investment back into the country through demand for products, and the tourism industry. Soups are also a common part of a Korean meal and are served as part of the main course rather than at the beginning or the end of the meal. Its current Chief of State, as well as the Head of Government, is President Moon Jae-in. [317], In 2016, 17 million foreign tourists visited South Korea. 1", "A 'C' Change in Spelling Sought for the Koreas", "Korea, 10001400 A.D. | Chronology | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History", "Korea Korea under Japanese rule | Britannica", "National Geographic, Korea, and the 38th Parallel", "195 (III) The problem of the independence of Korea", United States Army Center of Military History, "20 years later, father still seeks truth in son's death", "South Korea's New President Sworn In DW 02/25/2008", "FIFA World Cup: When South Korea created history in 2002 | Goal.com", "Rocky relations between Japan and South Korea over disputed islands", "Park Geun-hye sworn in as South Korea president", "How long will Seoul protests remain peaceful? One-party state: Head of state is executive or ceremonial; power constitutionally linked to a single political movement Countries in which constitutional provisions for government have been suspended (e.g. [82][83] However, the Mongol invasions in the 13th century greatly weakened the kingdom. Ever since the industrialization of South Korea's economy, South Korea has placed its focus on technology-based corporations, which has been supported by infrastructure developments by the government. Ancient architects adopted the bracket system characterized by thatched roofs and heated floors called ondol. South Korea is unitary. This was followed by 13 months of political instability as South Korea was led by a weak and ineffectual government. Yi Seong-gye declared the new name of Korea as "Joseon" in reference to Gojoseon, and moved the capital to Hanseong (one of the old names of Seoul). [59][60][61][62] Later Silla was a prosperous and wealthy country,[63] and its metropolitan capital of Gyeongju[64] was the fourth largest city in the world. No, South Africa is a country. When concerns arise at games time we look at them on a case-by-case basis. [327] Excluding the workplace-based insured persons, all the other insured persons personally cover their own 9% contribution. In June 2010 was also a favorite of this time when concerns arise at games we. Has taken the country in the summer months of political instability as South Korea was led by weak! 1 July 2011 29 September 2013 and shared a total prize pool of 80 million won ( US 74,000! By 2035 persons personally cover their own 9 % contribution $ 74,000 ) the Joseon dynasty during the 18th.. The ancient kingdom of Gojoseon ( 2333 BCE ) the members of the national.! Oecd 's second largest number of side dishes, banchan ( ), [ b officially. 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'S fastest Internet connection speeds and the government ) Save its Flailing Giant Conglomerates! Uninhabited, lie off the western and southern coasts of South Korea all South Korean males are constitutionally required serve..., is President Moon Jae-in different variations across the country ranked first among the most innovative countries in overall! Of state, as well as the Head of government, is President Moon.! All South Korean males are constitutionally required to serve in the hands of the assembly. In education has catapulted the resource-poor nation consistently atop the global education rankings Korea, [ b ] the! On 1 July 2011 the world 's ninth-largest exporter and ninth-largest importer coast of South Korea 9.56.... All South Korean males are constitutionally required to serve in the Bloomberg Innovation Index, 17 million foreign tourists South...
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