At the end of this verse we hear an echo of what is found in 11:9, They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain, saith the LORD.9 Truly a beautiful description of the new earth! Just before his ascension, however, Christ gave his disciples his Great Commission: Go and make disciples of all nations (Mt. For the Christian doctrine regarding Jesus Christ's reign in heaven, see Session of Christ and Intercession of Christ.For an overview of the earthly reign of the messiah in Abrahamic religions, see Messianic age. By resisting the devils temptations, by perfectly obeying God, and by his death and resurrection, Christ delivered a deathblow to Satan and his evil hosts. The basis for this teaching is what Paul says in 1 Corinthians 15:51-52: Listen, I tell you a mystery: We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changedin a flash, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. Scripture shows no one on earth will be out of the grasp of the antichrist or 'beast' of Revelation. During this same time, however, the other nations of the world did not know that truth, and were therefore in ignorance and error (see Acts 17:30) except for an occasional person, family or city which came into contact with Gods special revelation. This does not imply that Satan can do no harm whatever while he is bound. The scene, as we saw, is set in heaven. We may therefore safely assume that verses 1-3 and verses 4-6 concern the same thousand-year period. That such a charagama specifically refers to the imperial stamp on official documents (Sweet, Revelation, 217), indicates that whatever John means by this mark is directly tied to the states usurpation of that authority and honor which belong to God alone. The Bible also contains specific promises about the new earth. John is here speaking about the unbelieving dead the rest of the dead, in distinction from the believing dead whom he has just been describing. The Present Challenges to Orthodox Protestantism, Go Big or Go Home? The answer is given in the rest of the verse: And I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded because of their testimony for Jesus and because of the word of God. Since John tells us that he saw the souls of those who had been beheaded, it is quite clear that he is not talking about people who are still living on the earth. Rather, Christs Kingdom is present and immaterial, one where He reigns spiritually in the hearts of His believers on Earth and in heaven. In any event the reigning with Christ described here apparently includes having some part in Christs judging activity (see Dan. It was systematized by Augustine of Hippo in the 4th century, and this systematization carried amillennialism over as the dominant eschatology of the Medieval and Reformation periods. John F. Walvoord, a prominent spokesman for the dispensational premillennial viewpoint, defines the hermeneutical method of this school of interpretation: The premillennial position is that the Bible should be interpreted in its ordinary grammatical and historical meaning in all areas of theology unless contextual or theological reasons make it clear that this was not intended by the writer.1, In his discussion of this principle Walvoord admits that sometimes an Old Testament passage contains indications that certain parts of it are not to be interpreted literally but figuratively for example, the rod of his mouth with which Christ is said to smite the earth in Isaiah 11:4.2. It would be of great comfort to those believers to know that though many of their fellow Christians had died, some even having been cruelly executed as martyrs, these deceased fellow believers were now actually alive in heaven as far as their souls were concerned living and reigning with Christ. The second death, then, means everlasting punishment after the resurrection of the body. They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain, saith the LORD. S. R. F. Price, Rituals and Power: The Roman Imperial Cult in Asia Minor, Cambridge University Press, 1984). The clue has already been given in verse 4a. (25) The wolf and the lamb shall feed together, and the lion shall eat straw like the bullock, and dust shall be the serpents food. From the fourth chapter of the book of Hebrews we learn that Canaan was a type of the Sabbath-rest of the people of God in the life to come. (The rest of the dead did not come to life until the thousand years were ended.) The doctrine of amillennialism, or that there is no 1,000 years of literal reign upon the earth by Jesus Messieh, is a Catholic doctrine. Mark of the Beast Fulfillments It is believed there was a literal, physical stamped or etched mark of the beast placed on all people who lived under the judicial and religious reign of the Jewish Great Sanhedrin prior to 70 AD (see The Little Horn & the Clay are Jewish ). . A Forgotten Fact about the Earliest Christian Movement. And the lion shall eat straw like the ox. In this prophecy class, Dr. Sproul matches the biblical portrait of the beast with a man who fits the description right down to the name. At the same time, however, the church must continue to plan and work for a future on this present earth which may still last a long time. The word Abyss should rather be thought of as a figurative description of the way in which Satans activities will be curbed during the thousand-year period. Johns reference to the mark being placed upon the back of the hand or the forehead makes perfect sense in light of the wide-spread first century practice of branding or tattooing slavesa mark of shame and subjugation (Caird, The Revelation of St. John, 173). . Johns description of them as sitting on thrones is a concrete way of expressing the thought that they are reigning with Christ (see the last part of v. 4). In this vision we see the church suffering trial and persecution against the background of the victory of Christ. And the nursing child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the adders den. These two observations, in fact, provide a clue for the interpretation of the entire book. Paul also makes statements describing the kingdom as both present (Rom. We conclude, then, that the binding of Satan during the gospel age means that, first, he cannot prevent the spread of the gospel, and second, he cannot gather all the enemies of Christ together to attack the church. Since the number ten signifies completeness, and since a thousand is ten to the third power, we may think of the expression a thousand years as standing for a complete period, a very long period of indeterminate length. Few early Christians wrote about this aspect of eschatology during the first century of Christianity, but most of the available writings from the period reflect a millenarianist perspective (sometimes referred to as chiliasm). Home The Riddleblog The Blessed Hope Podcast About the Author Sermons and Lectures (Audio) Amillennialism (Audio, Links, Charts) Biblical and Theological Studies Two Kingdoms That this is true throughout the thousand-year period is indicated by the words, until the thousand years were ended. The Greek word here translated until, achri, means that what is said here held true during the entire length of the thousand-year period. It must be granted that the Greek word rendered came to life, ezesan, can refer to a physical resurrection (see, for example, Mt. Let us further assume that what is presented in Revelation 20 must necessarily follow, in chronological order, what was described in chapter 19. My discussion of the amillennial understanding of the millennium will include the following topics: the interpretation of the book of Revelation, the interpretation of Revelation 20:1-6, a look at two Old Testament passages commonly viewed as predicting an earthly millennial kingdom, a brief sketch of amillennial eschatology and a summarizing statement of some of the implications of amillennial eschatology. Have you spent any time considering a link between 666 in Revelation and 666 in 1 Kings 10 (and 2 Chronicles 9)? and Princeton Theological seminary (Th.D., 1953). Only if one believes in two bodily resurrections one of believers at the beginning of the millennium and another of unbelievers after the millennium will one be able to understand the ezesan of verse 4 as referring to a bodily resurrection. The fact that the kingdom of God is present in one sense and future in another implies that we who are the subjects of that kingdom live in a kind of tension between the already and the not yet. We are already in the kingdom, and yet we look forward to the full manifestation of that kingdom; we already share its blessings, and yet we await its total victory. When the seventy returned from their preaching mission, they said to Jesus, Lord, even the demons submit to us in your name. Jesus replied, I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven (Lk. G. C. Berkouwer, in his recent book, The Return of Christ (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1972), shows how. In both cases it was shown that these views did not satisfy all the revealed data presented to us by the Scriptures. As we read these letters we are impressed with two things. Walvoord, in similar fashion, understands Isaiah 65:17-19 as describing the eternal state7 and verses 20-25 of this chapter as describing conditions during the millennium.8. We go on now to verses 4-6, the passage dealing with the thousand-year reign. However, many amillennialists do believe in the literal fulfillment of Biblical prophecies; they simply disagree with Millennialists about how or when these prophecies will be fulfilled. The number 6 represent incompleteness or man or imperfection, while 7 represent completeness, which is demonstrated after 70 AD when the Roman Empire falls. 65:17; 66:22; Rev. An exposition and defense of this method of interpretation, summarized in nine propositions, can be found on pp. There is a basic difference in the method of biblical interpretation employed by premillennialists and amillennialists. We understand them to be a prediction of the eternal dwelling of all Gods people, Gentiles as well as Jews, on the new earth of which Canaan was a type. Posts 54,363. This transition is here called a resurrection an unusual use of the word, to be sure, but perfectly understandable against the background of the preceding context. (For an example of this kind of statement, see Rev. What is meant, then, by the words they came to life and reigned with Christ a thousand years? And the elders and living creatures whom John sees in the heavenly vision recorded in Revelation 5 sing a song of praise to the victorious Lamb which includes these words, You have made them [those whom you purchased with your blood] to be a kingdom and priests to serve our God, and they will reign on the earth (Rev. The kingdom of God is therefore both a present reality and a future hope. This last section describes the judgment which falls on Satan, and his final doom. Hyperlinks will be created for URLs automatically. 5:8). When premillennialists therefore charge amillennialists with teaching a future kingdom which is only spiritual and which has nothing to do with the earth, they are not representing the amillennial view correctly. Obviously not, since the raising of the body from the dead is mentioned later in the chapter as something distinct from what is described here (see vv. The reasons for this conclusion are as follows: (1) the writers/writings surveyed did not generally adopt a consistently applied literal interpretation; (2) they did not generally distinguish between the Church and Israel; (3) there is no evidence that they generally held to a dispensational view of revealed history; (4) although Papias and Justin Martyr did believe in a Millennial kingdom, the 1,000 years is the only basic similarity with the modern system (in fact, they and dispensational pre-millennialism radically differ on the basis of the Millennium); (5) they had no concept of imminency or of a pre-tribulational Rapture of the Church; (6) in general, their eschatological chronology is not synonymous with that of the modern system. that Jesus is presently reigning from heaven, seated at the right hand of, that Jesus also is and will remain with the church until the end of the world, as he promised at the. Because the exact time when Christ will return is not known, the church must live with a sense of urgency, realizing that the end of history may be very near. We are now ready to proceed to the interpretation of Revelation 20:1-6, the only passage in the Bible which speaks explicitly of a thousand-year reign. . It also involves seeing fellow Christians as those who are in Christ with us and for whom we should therefore thank God.1. Joseph Sickenberger (20th century) interprets the first resurrection as the ascension of the souls of martyrs into heaven. There is no space in this short chapter to go into these differences of interpretation in depth. This section also introduces us to the two beasts who are the dragons helpers: the beast out of the sea and the beast out of the earth. The OPC and Evangelicalism, Reformed Confessionalism v. The Genius Theologian, How Gods Immediate Presence Changes Everything, What is Orthodox Protestantism? The fifth section is found in chapters 15-16. Indeed there is. He then sees the Lamb that had been slain taking the scroll sealed with seven seals from the hand of the one who was sitting on the throne. These words about the second death imply that the first resurrection which John has just mentioned is not a bodily resurrection. It will be helpful, however, for us to take a brief look at two Old Testament passages which are commonly understood by premillennialists as picturing a future earthly millennial reign. A notorious figure listed in the book of Revelation is called The Beast. So who is the beast identified in the book of Revelation? We noted previously that verses 1-3 speak of a thousand-year period. The fourth section, chapters 12-14, begins with the vision of the woman giving birth to a son while the dragon waits to devour him as soon as he is bornan obvious reference to the birth of Christ. A common source of tension among evangelicals today is the question of whether the church should be primarily concerned with evangelism or social and political action. To see the background for the amillennial view of the millennium, we should first of all concern ourselves with the question of the interpretation of the book of Revelation. The third section, found in chapters 8-11, describes the seven trumpets of judgment. . A notorious figure listed in the book of Revelation is called The Beast. So who is the beast identified in the book of Revelation? This is the first resurrection. Dispensationalists teach that after the rapture the entire church will be taken up to heaven for a period of seven years while those still on earth are undergoing the great tribulation. Does Objective Truth Exist, and How Can It Be Defined? We understand Christs return as being a single event. The Highway Forums General Discussion Theology Discussion Forum Amillennialism and the Mark of the Beast: Portal Forums Calendar Active Threads: Forum The Highway Forums General Discussion Theology Discussion Forum Amillennialism and the Mark of the Beast: Portal Forums Calendar Active Threads: Forum Search: Member Spotlight: Tom Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. Nothing is said in verses 4-6 about the earth, about Palestine as the center of this reign or about the Jews.5 The thousand-year reign of Revelation 20:4 is a reign with Christ in heaven of the souls of believers who have died. Interestingly enough, the word used by Matthew to describe the binding of the strong man is the same word used in Revelation 20 to describe the binding of Satan. They shall then worship and serve God throughout all eternity in sinless perfection with glorified bodies on the new earth. 666 and the Mark of the BeastIf you are a futurist and believe that the beast of Revelation 13 is not connected to the Roman Empire of the first century and remains yet to be revealed at the end of the age (i.e., during the seven-year tribulation period, as dispensationalists teach), then you will not look at the mark of the beast through the lens of the New Testament and the historical situation when John was given his vision. There is no indication in these verses that John is describing an earthly millennial reign. John is caught up to heaven and sees God sitting on his radiant throne. Its purpose is to redeem Gods people from sin and from demonic powers, and finally to establish the new heavens and the new earth. He threw him into the Abyss, and locked and sealed it over him, to keep him from deceiving the nations any more until the thousand years were ended. Needless to say, evangelism bringing people into the kingdom of God is one of the essential tasks of the church. 6:39-40, 44,54; 11:24; 12:48). Charles Homer Giblin and Tadros Malaty (20th century) see the Millennium as the life of saints in heaven. In obedience to Christs command John now proceeds to write letters to each of the seven churches of Asia Minor. [5], Amillennialism rejects the idea of a future millennium in which Christ will reign on Earth prior to the eternal state beginning, but holds:[7]. In addition, it describes the final judgment, the final triumph of Christ and his church, and the renewed universe, here called the new heaven and the new earth. I will list a few that seem to be the It will be for 1,000 years. In agreement with what was said above about the structure of the book and in the light of verses 7-15 of this very chapter (which describe Satans little season, the final battle and the final judgment), we may conclude that this thousand-year period extends from Christs first coming to just before his Second Coming. Just wait till gas hits $6.66 per gallon! This means that we who are believers are to see ourselves not as impotent sinners who are helpless in the face of temptation but as new creatures in Christ (2 Cor. [4], There are two main variations of amillennianism, perfect amillenarism (the first resurrection has already happened) and imperfect amillenarism (the first resurrection will happen simultaneously with the second one). (See Revelation 22:12 and the following passages: Mt. Note, for example, how John tells us that the spirit of the Antichrist is already in the world in his day (1 Jn. Jay E. Adams, The Time Is at Hand (Philadelphia: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co., 1970), pp. [18][19][20] In the 2nd century, the Alogi (those who rejected all of John's writings) were amillennial, as was Caius in the first quarter of the 3rd century. In Old Testament times, at least in the post-Abrahamic era, all the nations of the world except Israel were, so to speak, under Satans rule. Jesus clearly taught that the kingdom was already present during his earthly ministry: But if I drive out demons by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you (Mt. When the book of Revelation tells us that the holy city, the new Jerusalem, will come down from heaven to the new earth (2 1:2), that God will now have his dwelling with men (21:3) and that the throne of God and of the Lamb will be in the new Jerusalem (22:3), it is teaching us in figurative language that in the life to come heaven and earth will no longer be separated but will have merged. Verse 14 explains: This is the second death, even the lake of fire (ASV). Preterist view [ edit ] A common preterist view of the Mark of the beast (focusing Partial preterism is sometimes a component of amillennial hermeneutics. 211-34. . I've heard DA Carson use a similar argument in his series on Revelation. This was specifically stated by Peter in his sermon on the day of Pentecost when he quoted Joels prophecy about the pouring out of the Spirit upon all flesh in the last days (Acts 2:16-17). Since Satan is the supreme opponent of Christ, it stands to reason that his doom should be narrated last. Though the last day is still future, we are in the last days now. But since the book was also intended for the church through the ages, its message is still relevant for us today. Earlier in the chapter evidence was given for the position that the thousand years of Revelation 20 extend from the first coming of Christ to just before his Second Coming, when Satan will be loosed for a short time. 12:28, NIV). Though it is possible to understand the thousand years of verses 4-6 as describing a period of time different from the thousand years of verses 1-3, there is no compelling reason why we should do so. As a matter of fact, even if ezesan is interpreted to mean a bodily resurrection, the verse still does not describe the earthly millennium commonly held to by premillennialists. Many Christians think of themselves as spending eternity in some ethereal heaven while the Bible plainly teaches us that there will be a new earth. It is interesting to note that the verb here translated driven out (ekballo) is derived from the same root as the word used in Revelation 20:3, He [the angel] threw [ballo] him [Satan] into the Abyss. Even more important, however, is the observation that Satans being driven out or cast out (RSV) is here associated with the fact that not only Jews but men of all nationalities shall be drawn to Christ as he hangs on the cross. Amillennialism is one of the many views regarding the millennial kingdomthe thousand-year reign of Christ during the end times. Leaving aside the question of whether this criticism is true or false, I would like at this point to counteract the negativism of some amillennial eschatologies by sketching briefly some positive affirmations made by amillennialist theologians. My mother - from Duesseldorf, West Germany, was forced into being one of the Hitler youth in Nazi Germany. And that no man might buy or sell, save he had the Mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name." These words, needless to say, must not be interpreted literally. The mark of the beast is interpreted differently across the four main views of Christian eschatology. The second death has no power over them, but they will be priests of God and of Christ and will reign with him for a thousand years. By those who had not worshiped the beast or his image and had not received his mark John means all Christians who had remained true to Christ and had resisted anti-Christian powers all Christians, in other words, who had remained faithful to the end. Augustine was originally a premillennialist, but he retracted that view, claiming the doctrine was carnal. In this vision we see the church avenged, protected and victorious. The Highway Forums General Discussion Theology Discussion Forum Amillennialism and the Mark of the Beast: Portal Forums Calendar Active Threads: Forum Search: Member Spotlight: Anthony C. NJ/PA. In the New Scofield Bible the heading above verse 17 reads, New heavens and new earth. The heading above verses 18-25, however, reads, Millennial conditions in the renewed earth with curse removed. It would appear that the editors of this Bible, while compelled to admit that verse 17 describes the final new earth, restrict the meaning of verses 18-25 so as to make them refer only to the millennium which is to precede the final new earth. 9:18; Rom. 5:24), put off the old self and put on the new (Col. 3:9-10). [citation needed] Nonetheless, they maintain that good and evil will remain mixed in strength throughout history and even in the church, according to the amillennial understanding of the Parable of the Wheat and Tares. I saw thrones on which were seated those who had been given authority to judge. It can easily be understood that if a person believes in a future earthly millennium, he will see that millennium described in these verses. People would ordinarily leave the city to meet the distinguished visitor and then go back with him into the city.5 On the basis of the analogy conveyed by this word, all Paul is saying here is that raised and transformed believers are caught up in the clouds to meet the descending Lord, implying that after this meeting they will go back with him to the earth. When John wrote Revelation, many Christians were being martyred for their faith. XVII., and condemned the Anabaptists (historically, most Anabaptist groups were amillennial) and others 'who now scatter Jewish opinions that, before the resurrection of the dead, the godly shall occupy the kingdom of the world, the wicked being everywhere suppressed. And his final doom was shown that these views did not come to life until the thousand years were.! Whatever while he is bound narrated last satisfy all the revealed data presented to by... 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