After his brush with death at Goliad, John C. Duval lived a long, distinguished life. [11] The wounded and dying were then clubbed and stabbed. Joseph E. Field, Three Years in Texas (Greenfield and Boston, Massachusetts, 1836; rpt., Austin: Steck, 1935). On March 12, they encountered a group of Texian soldiers, under the command of William Ward at Refugio. When one of their carts fell into the San Antonio River, the colonel told his men to halt and retrieve it. In Goliad. Santa Annas ruthless treatment of the captured soldiers had the opposite effect than what he intended. From the viewpoint of the Mexican Army, Santa Annas command was justified by a law of December 30, 1835, stipulating that any foreigners caught in the act of taking up arms against Mexico were to be considered pirates and summarily executed. I saw nothing more. Thirty-nine were killed inside the fort under the direction of Captain Carolino Huerta of the Tres Villas battalion, with Colonel Garay saving one, . Unhurt myself, I sprang up and, concealed by the thick smoke, fled along the hedge in the direction of the river, the noise of the water for my guide. The San Antonio Grays, Mobile Grays,and others were marched along the Victoria road in the direction of the lower ford. [14] The Texians had traveled only six miles (10km) from their fort when, on March 19, the Mexican army engaged the Texians on an open prairie. [11] Weighted down with cannon and 500 extra guns, Fannin burned his extra supplies in an attempt to lighten the load. High Schools in Dallas, TX Map of Dallas, TX . Worauf Sie als Kunde bei der Auswahl der Nici qid achten sollten. Read More. Portilla wrote that the total number of his prisoners was 445, exclusive of William P. Miller's eighty men, who had been captured without arms at Copano and were thus to be spared. Here, in 1836, 342 soldiers were shot to death in one day. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. The massive number of Texian prisoner-of-war casualties throughout the Goliad Campaign led to Goliad being called a "Massacre" by Texas-American forces and fueled the frenzy of the Runaway Scrape . https://www.tshaonline.org, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/goliad-massacre, By: [22], Fannin's retreat and the Battle of Coleto, Harbert Davenport and Craig H. Roell, "GOLIAD CAMPAIGN OF 1836," Handbook of Texas Online, Craig H. Roell, "REFUGIO, BATTLE OF," Handbook of Texas Online, Francisca (Francita, Panchita or Pancheta) Alavez, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goliad_Campaign&oldid=1075168209, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, est. Among these was Herman Ehrenberg, who later wrote an account of the massacre; William Lockhart Hunter survived despite being bayoneted and clubbed with a musket. Colonel Jos Nicols de la Portilla, under orders from General and President of Mexico, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. Colonel Fannin was the last to be executed, after seeing his men butchered. James Fannin commanded troops stationed at Fort Defiance in Goliad. [13] Albert Clinton Horton and his company had been acting as the advance and rear guards for Fannin's company. The soldiers took his belongings, shot him in the face, and burned Fannin's body along with the other Texians who died that day. Goliad Tourism Goliad Hotels Goliad Bed and Breakfast Goliad Vacation Packages Flights to Goliad Goliad Restaurants Things to Do in Goliad Goliad Travel Forum Goliad Photos Goliad Map Goliad Travel Guide All Goliad Hotels; Goliad Hotel Deals; [11], On March 19, Urrea had quickly advanced and surrounded 300 men of the Texian Army on the open prairie, near La Bahia (Goliad). Some of the survivors attended the ceremony. [They were] to be liberated on parole, and that arrangements had been made to send [them] to New Orleans on board of vessels then at Copano.[6] Duval joined the division that was marched northwest along the road leading to San Antonio. Upon hearing heavy firing of musketry in the directions taken by the other two divisions, [one of the men] exclaimed Boys! [9] On February 26, 1836, he attempted to march to San Antonio but turned back at the San Antonio River because of the inability to travel with the artillery and arms. Colonel Fannin was the last to be executed, after seeing his men executed. All copyrighted materials included within the Handbook of Texas Online are in accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. When dawn broke, however, so did the realization that the arrival of Mexican reinforcements during the night had made their situation hopeless. He recalled that on the morning of March 27, 1836, a Mexican officer told the men to get ready for a march. Jos Enrique de la Pea, With Santa Anna in Texas (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1975). Among those killed were commanders Colonel James Fannin (of the Coleto battle) and Lieutenant Colonel William Ward (of the Refugio battle). Colonel Jos Nicols de la Portilla under orders of the President of Mexico, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. Henderson K. Yoakum, History of Texas from Its First Settlement in 1685 to Its Annexation to the United States in 1846 (2 vols., New York: Redfield, 1855). Until this episode Santa Anna's reputation had been that of a cunning and crafty man, rather than a cruel one. Even on the move, Fannins long-delayed retreat advanced at a sluggish pace. SAN ANTONIO John Willingham long has been fascinated with the horrific "Goliad Massacre," which came three weeks after the 1836 Battle of the Alamo and further riled the Texans in their . Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna et al., The Mexican Side of the Texan Revolution, trans. Her early obsessions included Vikings, the Tudors and the Statue of Liberty. Unsere Bestenliste Jan/2023 - Ultimativer Test Beliebteste Modelle Beste Angebote Smtliche Vergleichssieger JETZT direkt ansehen. War was begun with the incident at Gonzales. WILLIAM COKNEK. Amon B. [citation needed], On March 2, at the Battle of Agua Dulce, James Grant was killed, as were 11 other men under his command. [3] John C. Duval, Early Times in Texas, or, the Adventures of Jack Dobell, ed. Later in 1883 while living in El Paso County, he applied for and received an additional donation as a surviving veteran of the Texas Revolution. Save big when you register early. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Please improve this article by adding a reference. Fannin was ordered by General Sam Houston on March 11, 1836, to abandon Goliad and retreat to the Guadalupe River near Victoria. About a mile outside Goliad, Presidio La Bahia attracts both history buffs and ghost hunters, all drawn to the scene of the Goliad Massacre. Mexican forces under General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna continued to sweep across Texas toward Fort Defiance, the presidio in Goliad that had been seized by the rebels in October 1835 at the onset of the war for independence. 465 people were taken prisoner and of those people 342 were killed. . 342 men were executed at Goliad. Shackelford, Jack (1790-1857). On March 26, 1836, 19:00, Portilla received orders from Santa Anna in triplicate to execute the prisoners. Back at the presidio, the Mexicans executed the wounded against the chapel wall and even shot them in their makeshift beds. Instead of taking cover in the nearby woods, Fannin ordered his men to form a square on an open prairie near Coleto Creek. All Rights Reserved. The Alamo! However, he had sent most of his carts and horses with Ward to Refugio and had no cavalry. The massacre is commemorated in Walt Whitman's poem Song of Myself, section 34. [13][19] Forty Texians were unable to walk. Johnson and five others had also been captured but escaped and rejoined James Fannin's command at Goliad. Upon his death in 1897 at the age of 81, Duval was the last living survivor of the Goliad Massacre.[10]. [1] The Mexican army quickly put down revolts in the Mexican interior, including a brutal suppression of militias in Oaxaca and Zacatecas. He was born in Richmond, Virginia, on March 20, 1790, the son of Richard Shackelford, and was educated as a physician and surgeon. Two physicians, Joseph H. Barnard and John Shackelford, were taken to San Antonio to treat Mexican wounded from the battle of the Alamo; they later escaped. Available for both RF and RM licensing. The survivors reached Goliad on February 29. Ehrenberg: Goliad Survivor, Old West Explorer: A Biography by Natalie Ornish,, Herman Ehrenberg Print length 403 pages Language English Publisher Texas Heritage Pr Publication date January 1, 1997 Dimensions 6.5 x 1.25 x 9.5 inches ISBN-10 0962075515 ISBN-13 978-0962075513 See all details Books with Buzz Inside the walls of the Presidio, the wounded Texian commander, Col. James W. Fannin was executed at point blank range. bw. Jakie L. Pruett and Everett B. Cole, Goliad Massacre: A Tragedy of the Texas Revolution (Austin: Eakin Press, 1985). When the Mexican and Texan commissioners seeking surrender terms failed to agree, Urrea shortened the conference by dealing directly with Fannin and proposing written terms, under which the Texans should give up their arms and become prisoners of war "at the disposal of the Supreme Mexican Government." A monument marks the burial site outside. [6], On March 2, at the Battle of Agua Dulce, Grant was killed, as were about 20 other men under his command. The resolution thus gave the Mexican Army permission to take no prisoners in the war against the Texians. Urreas advance riders had already spotted the Texan defenses, and the main army was just hours behind. On March 18, Urrea's advance scouts were viewing Goliad. They were advised not to take off the arm band, since Mexican troops were hunting for those few who had escaped from Coleto, Victoria, and the massacre itself. Published by the Texas State Historical Association. This was the massacre at Goliad. Santa Anna's main army took no prisoners; execution of the murderous decree of December 30, 1835, fell to Gen. Jos de Urrea, commander of Santa Anna's right wing. One week later, under the orders of Mexican General Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna, the Texians were marched outside the fort and shot. Gammel & Co., 1892; Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1986), XV. The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this entry. This order was received on March 26 by Col. Jos Nicols de la Portilla, whom Urrea had left at Goliad. Santa Anna responds: the Alamo and the Goliad Massacre. Urrea wrote to Santa Anna to ask for clemency for the Texians. Fannin and some forty (Pea estimated eighty or ninety) wounded Texans unable to march were put to death within the presidio under the direction of Capt. Urrea, according to his contemporary Reuben M. Potter, "was not blood thirsty and when not overruled by orders of a superior, or stirred by irritation, was disposed to treat prisoners with lenity." The prisoners held little suspicion of their fate, for they had been told a variety of stories-they were to gather wood, drive cattle, be marched to Matamoros, or proceed to the port of Copano for passage to New Orleans. Remember Goliad!. The TSHA makes every effort to conform to the principles of fair use and to comply with copyright law. Urrea wrote to Santa Anna to ask for clemency for the Texians. [5] Urrea had sent 18 of the 24 prisoners to Matamoros, where they were sentenced to death, but later released. "Remember the Alamo; remember Goliad!" That was the cry of those fighting for Texas' independence after General Santa Anna ordered the execution of more than 400 men who had surrendered at Goliad. At around 8 a.m. on Palm Sunday, March 27, 1836, Colonel Portilla had the able bodied of 342 Texians marched out of Fort Defiance into three columns on the Bexar Road, San Patricio Road, and the Victoria Road. That afternoon, Urrea's cavalry encircled the Texians. In October, the Texians took up arms in what became known as the Texas Revolution. In this critical predicament, Fannin and the majority of the men voted to surrender the Texian forces on March 20. Among these was Herman Ehrenberg, who later wrote an account of the massacre;[22] William Lockhart Hunter, also of the New Orleans Greys, who survived despite being bayoneted and clubbed with a musket;[23] and four members of Shackelford's Red Rovers: Dillard Cooper,[24] Zachariah S. Brooks, Wilson Simpson, and Isaac D. Hamilton,[25] who escaped after days on the run. Although this was really an attempt by Urrea to commandeer the ship, the vessel had already departed. The men were marched instead to Matamoros after the battle of San Jacinto. Urrea, meanwhile, heard of their presence and marched a flying column of 300 Mexican troops to Refugio, hoping to overtake the Texians. Fannin sent Captain Amon B. by Charlotte Churchill, With Milam and Fannin, Austin: Pemberton Press, 1968). thesis, University of Houston, 1941). Age 32, he was taken by Mexican soldiers to the courtyard in front of the chapel, blindfolded, and seated in a chair (due to his leg wound from the battle). Surprised by an overwhelming Mexican force, most were chased off and escaped, but 18 were captured and marched back to Goliad. [18] Three known survivors escaped to Houston's army and participated in the Battle of San Jacinto. Nearly all were killed at the first fire. Urrea's force killed 16 men and took 24 prisoners. King and his men had infuriated their enemies by burning local ranchos and shooting eight Mexicans seated around a campfire, and these enemies were clamoring for vengeance. [1][2] Unrest continued in the Mexican state Coahuila y Tejas. [citation needed], The 75 soldiers of William Parsons Miller and the Nashville Battalion had been captured on the 20th and marched in on the 23rd. Instead, the Mexican commanding officer shot Fannin in the face, burned his body with the others and kept the timepiece as a war prize. The death toll would have been even higher if not for a Mexican woman. 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